Currently, ProBuilderMesh is the only n-gon format available by default in Unity. However, the data format of ProBuilderMesh is limited and cumbersome.
I understand that Unity is a game engine and does not like verbose formats, but if ProBuilderMesh could store flexible data compatible with FBX, USD, Collada, etc., it would enable much more.
I understand your demand, ProBuilderMesh comes with its limitation, but it was originally created this way to be more flexible with mesh modifications in the early days of ProBuilder and the various functionalities offered by probuilder are relying on this data format. The good think about it and not being a standard is that it can be adapted to our needs and it’s a runtime format that is more easy to manipulate compared to “static” mesh format such as FBX and else. Drawback being that we need to store more information indeed in that format to allow these modifications…
ProBuilder meshes can be exported as FBX and some other formats if that compatibility is needed (or FBX can be “probuilderized” as PB object in the other direction).