You renamed it in addressable panel or the project panel? If the later then the address name will not get synced, may cause the system to log the InvalidKeyException exception.
Of course in the Project window. And this is done by Art team. The always move assets around just because it is Unity way of work. There is no any hardcoded paths in project just links that works through GIUDs.
As I know adressables work through GUDs too but have bugs.
I think it is critical uncoverable bugs because now Unity just can no use anything and any reimport dont work.
The only hing that work is delete adressables, add it again and adjust all setting one again.
Very hard to work with the system.
May be there in some place button that can revalidate adressables?
Rename the asset will cause the address out of sync. Because the system can not distinguish a wrong path with a manual changed address. My importer (see my signature), implements a logic to sync the address for moved assets if the address looks like a path.
Anyway the buggy behavior only affects if you reference the asset by address. So if you switch to use AddressReference, which relying on guid, that will fix your problem.