For angle to the mouse in a 2D, need to know the mouse is in screen Pixels and the bow is in world units. Can convert the bow to screen pixels, or can convert the mouse to the world position (in 3D the world position of the mouse is anywhere on the line it shoots, for 2D it’s just a point.) These are some fo the commands (untested):
Vector3 bowP = Camera.main.WorldToScreenPoint(bowWoldPos);
// x,y are in pixels. z can be ignored
Vector3 aimP = Input.MousePosition();
// Same units: x,y are in pixels
// acos (see other answer) for the angle
OR, to use world pos:
Vector3 aimWorldP = Camera.main.ScreenToWorldPoint(Input.MousePosition());
aimWorldP.z = bowPosition.z;
bow.LookAt(aimWorldP);
// bow.forward now aims at the mouse