Yes, if you use the string version of GetComponent instead of the generic version:
public GameObject tank;
public string scriptName = "TankController";
((TankController)tank.GetComponent(scriptName)).enabled = true;
Or, if you just need the enabled property:
public GameObject tank;
public string scriptName = "TankController";
((MonoBehaviour)tank.GetComponent(scriptName)).enabled = true;
This should work just fine as long as you supply the name of a script that actually exists, of course. Beware that it’s generally safer to use the generic version where possible, since a lot of potential errors can be caught at compile time instead of producing more obscure bugs which will be harder to catch later on. But if your scenario calls for it, it’s perfectly fine to use the string version.