UI Builder did not yet learn how to allow users to customize the use of their custom C# elements inside the Builder. We are working towards first having a functionally complete Builder first before we expose extensibility features.
For this specific question, what I’d do is set a default value for your text in the ButtonTranslatable’s constructor. If no attribute is given in UXML, the default value will win. If an attribute is given in UXML, the UXML value will win.
You can also extend the list of attributes shown in the Builder’s inspector for your custom attribute by exposing a C# property. See this post for more details: