I want to model some interesting interior spaces, but I don’t know a large deal about construction, or style thereof. I would like some learning material that is geared towards getting people familiar with how modern living spaces are put together. Please list anything that may help, thanks!
Interior design (!= decorating) resources would be useful. They cover standards like how wide hallways need to be for wheel chair access, etc.
The Ikea website?
Might sound silly, but when needing interior design reference for drawing interiors I would go to the ikea website. Take a couple of the mock up rooms from ikeas site, mix and match some elements. If you could model an ikea room you’d pretty much hit your mark I think.
I think that’s the kind of thing I’m after. Where should I start? I don’t think it’s going to be too hard to find something helpful, and I’m gonna hit the library shortly, but somebody else who already has some know-how about this could serve as a better guide than my initial search results and limited comprehension thereof. I took a look at the Ikea site, but it seems geared towards selling me furniture, as expected. I’d be more interested in a pictorial history of modern furniture. And I’m also talking about concepts like how you decide where to put a laundry chute, or a staircase.
Thereof. 
You could study some construction fundamentals books, The international building code books have everything you could ever want to know… but you know… you wouldn’t want to read them and neither do I.
Check out, The architect’s studio companion for some basic rules to follow on space planning, sizing, layout, and construction methods/fire safety. Should be plenty to get environments looking realistic in terms of proportion.
Oh you mean more like how the building interior spaces are built? Not just decorated?
I worked in an architecture firm as there 3D modeller and ‘3D conceptualizer’, I had multiple designers and architects running their ideas through me, and I would model their plans and ideas for them to see and decide where to take the design and I can tell you the way interior spaces go together is completely dependent on the designer. There are certain standards that must be followed like door heights, stair widths, needing certain vetilation places, obviously you’d need beams in certain places for structural support. But largely it’s just the designers style and there is a real art to good interior layout… If I were you I would go to some website that offers up alot of floorplans to see, and have a look through them.
Interior design textbooks maybe? I took an intro to interior design class to learn this sort of stuff for level design – class was mostly a waste, but the textbook I got is nice. I can get title/author later if you want.
People see “interior design” and think decorating, but like eem was saying, interior designers often make decisions people assume are the responsibility of the architect.
http://forums.cgarchitect.com/15-architectural-visualization-gallery/
These might help you in the visualisation process. There is probably some linked tutorials and you cold register and ask the pros on the other forums.
HTH
BTH