Been having a ton of issues with this lately (currently on Unity 5.6.1f1, but the issue began somewhere in 5.5.x for me).
Whenever I modify the code for a mid-sized project in Visual Studio Community 2017, there’s like a 10% chance Unity will freeze while reloading assemblies. This requires a force quit, and is really disruptive. It can also result in scene changes not being saved, and thus lost work.
No anti-virus installed, and don’t have issues with other platforms. Also the same project has no issues on OSX using Visual Studio Code.