GLSL shader: rename predefined vertex attribute variables

Is it possible to change gl_Vertex to a_vertex for example? (native glsl shader)

What do you mean by change? If you mean can you make it so you use a different variable name in your shader to access the contents of gl_Vertex, sure.

#define a_vertex gl_Vertex

If you mean can you remove the gl_Vertex variable and have that same data be set on a_vertex, then no. The gl_Vertex variable is part of OpenGL.