Several things to fix this:
- You need to assign a sprite. In the Inspector for the Trail Renderer Component, find Materials and in Element0, select “Sprites-Default”
- Reduce the Time. 0.3 gives a nice short trail
- Adjust the curve to change the shape of the trail
- Change the colour - you can have a start and an end colour, if you wish
You might like to find a good video tutorial - there are plenty out there. Also, check the manual