I know image effects aren’t supposed to work on Unity Pro because it doesn’t support rendering to textures, but I also know there’s a way you can get a picture or a screenshot of a game and apply an image effect to it just to see how it would look (not on real time).

How can I do that?

You cannot use any Pro features in Unity Indie (Free) version. There is a 30 day free Pro trial. You can usually test the trial a bit longer if you contact Unity and let them know you simply want to learn all the Pro features well before you make a purchase decision. If you do find a way to do this, it’s likely a crack, patch, hack or some other illegal workaround, and you shouldn’t be asking that type of question here.