I have a missing component on my Unity Project, Is it possbile to regain the name of the missing component？
Probably not. Unity doesn’t store what components you have attached to things by their name, but the GUID of the script. The GUID lives in that script’s .meta file.
In case you’re using git, or a different kind of version control that supports searching through it’s history, you can open the scene or prefab file containing the missing component, find the GUID of the missing thing, and then search through the history for any .meta file containing that - then you’ll find the now-deleted script that used to be attached to that scene/prefab. For git, that would be using git grep.