With shaders. Assign something like dot product between surface normal and vecotr towards camera to alpha channel.
Obviously it can be successful, thank you.
You could also fake it. A billboard should be indistinguishable from a real model.
The keywords that might help is Fresnel or ndotv also known as don’t aka like neg said a dot product between view and normal
Also the billboard can be done with texture but if you need 3d intersection and infinite resolution, bypass the texture and compute a ray intersection with a specs, extract normal and relative position, compare with depth buffer, use the screen aligned composant of the normal to extract Fresnel values without the dot.
Do you mean to make a picture rotate with the camera?
Yes - always faces the camera. Usually done by shader.
I used the pow function to modify the gradient curve and got an approximate effect.
What you said is so thorough and I learned a lot,
thank you