You can only get it outside the job and pass it into the job. And you can only do that with physics data that are value types (not classes), or you need to convert it to a custom struct.
If you want to interact with or query physics during a job’s execution you had to be using DOTS Physics.
As I understand the point of jobs is to gather up the information you need before preparing, scheduling, and executing the job. They’re self contained, though can depend on other jobs completing first.
Gotta remember when dealing with multi-threaded stuff 99% of normal Unity API is no longer available to you.
DOTS/ECS is a completely different world to regular Unity as well.