I want to use Unity to build agent-based simulations that will be used in an educational setting.
How well does Unity generate random numbers? What algorithm does it use?
Can you create different types of random distributions (e.g., normal, exponential, lognormal, etc.)?
http://forum.unity3d.com/threads/148601-Which-random-number-generator-does-Unity-use
Beside that c#, boo and Unityscript are Turing complete programming languages so you can do what you want. Since all three languages are .Net / mono languages you can also use any .Net class / assembly you find.