This is a really dumb question, but if I want to do UDP or TCP data transfer using ip addresses, the computers have to be on the same network, right?
The computers have to be able to talk to each other, yes. As is a common issue people here run into who are networking novices, most home routers assign non-routable private IP addresses to computers on your local network making your computer unreachable by default to other computers outside your home network. Assuming you’re trying to do data transfers between two computers on different home networks, do some research on port forwarding and network address translation.
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