for example I declare this variable:
var EnergyTokensGoalTarget: int
While this variable’s name is very helpful being so descriptive, I’m wondering if excessive use of names that long (for other variables also), ends up slowing the game down even a tiny bit.
Not at all, in fact I would say descriptive variable names are very important. One thing to keep in mind is that you should try to reuse code as much as possible. So the specificity of your variables could be a good indication to how modular your code is.
r.e. performance
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2443164/does-variable-name-length-matter-for-performance-c