Issues with building on Android

[YoungDavisLV]

After a long time of not touching Unity, I decided to dip my toes back in, but after a fresh install I am unable to even build a simple apk.

Starting a Gradle Daemon, 1 incompatible and 2 stopped Daemons could not be reused, use --status for details
> Task :unityLibrary:preBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:preBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:preReleaseBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:preReleaseBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:compileReleaseAidl NO-SOURCE
> Task :launcher:generateReleaseBuildConfig UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:mergeReleaseJniLibFolders UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:compileReleaseAidl NO-SOURCE
> Task :launcher:javaPreCompileRelease UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:generateReleaseResValues UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:createReleaseCompatibleScreenManifests UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:extractDeepLinksRelease UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:extractProguardFiles UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:mergeReleaseJniLibFolders UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:mergeReleaseNativeLibs UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:stripReleaseDebugSymbols UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:copyReleaseJniLibsProjectAndLocalJars UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:compileReleaseRenderscript NO-SOURCE
> Task :unityLibrary:generateReleaseBuildConfig UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:generateReleaseResValues UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:generateReleaseResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:packageReleaseResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:checkReleaseDuplicateClasses UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:desugarReleaseFileDependencies UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:parseReleaseLocalResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:mergeExtDexRelease UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:processReleaseManifest UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:mergeReleaseShaders UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:compileReleaseShaders NO-SOURCE
> Task :launcher:generateReleaseAssets UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:processReleaseJavaRes NO-SOURCE
> Task :launcher:collectReleaseDependencies UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:sdkReleaseDependencyData UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:validateSigningRelease UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:writeReleaseAppMetadata UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:writeReleaseSigningConfigVersions UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:generateReleaseRFile UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:extractReleaseAnnotations UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:javaPreCompileRelease UP-TO-DATE

> Task :unityLibrary:compileReleaseJavaWithJavac

> Task :unityLibrary:compileReleaseJavaWithJavac FAILED
29 actionable tasks: 1 executed, 28 up-to-date

UnityEngine.GUIUtility:ProcessEvent (int,intptr,bool&)

Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
C:\Users\young.DESKTOP-C46GMR1\Merge\Library\Bee\Android\Prj\Mono2x\Gradle\unityLibrary\src\main\java\com\unity\androidnotifications\UnityNotificationManager.java:164: error: cannot find symbol
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
^
symbol: variable TIRAMISU
location: class VERSION_CODES
C:\Users\young.DESKTOP-C46GMR1\Merge\Library\Bee\Android\Prj\Mono2x\Gradle\unityLibrary\src\main\java\com\unity\androidnotifications\UnityNotificationManager.java:165: error: cannot find symbol
permissionGranted = mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
^
symbol: variable POST_NOTIFICATIONS
location: class permission
Note: C:\Users\young.DESKTOP-C46GMR1\Merge\Library\Bee\Android\Prj\Mono2x\Gradle\unityLibrary\src\main\java\com\unity3d\player\UnityPlayerActivity.java uses or overrides a deprecated API.
Note: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.
Note: Some input files use unchecked or unsafe operations.
Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details.
2 errors

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':unityLibrary:compileReleaseJavaWithJavac'.
> Compilation failed; see the compiler error output for details.

* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 32s

UnityEngine.GUIUtility:ProcessEvent (int,intptr,bool&)

CommandInvokationFailure: Gradle build failed.
D:\2022.3.7f1\Editor\Data\PlaybackEngines\AndroidPlayer\OpenJDK\bin\java.exe -classpath "D:\2022.3.7f1\Editor\Data\PlaybackEngines\AndroidPlayer\Tools\gradle\lib\gradle-launcher-7.2.jar" org.gradle.launcher.GradleMain "-Dorg.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx4096m" "assembleRelease"

Environment Variables:
USERDOMAIN = DESKTOP-C46GMR1
ProgramFiles = C:\Program Files
TMP = C:\Users\YOUNG~1.DES\AppData\Local\Temp
PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE = AMD64
PROCESSOR_REVISION = 4e03
OneDriveConsumer = C:\Users\young.DESKTOP-C46GMR1\OneDrive
OS = Windows_NT
CHROME_CRASHPAD_PIPE_NAME = \\.\pipe\crashpad_7588_KUHUFDCPROSHJNRY
PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER = Intel64 Family 6 Model 78 Stepping 3, GenuineIntel
AMPLITUDE_API_KEY = 28f3cae0b33b8b3702120c9ed1a935aa
USERPROFILE = C:\Users\young.DESKTOP-C46GMR1
JAVA_HOME = D:\2022.3.7f1\Editor\Data\PlaybackEngines\AndroidPlayer\OpenJDK
CommonProgramFiles = C:\Program Files\Common Files
DriverData = C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\DriverData
ComSpec = C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe
LAUNCH_DARKLY_CLIENT_TOKEN = 60a7e30fafc7e60e33446283
PSModulePath = C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules;C:\WINDOWS\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules
PUBLIC = C:\Users\Public
SystemRoot = C:\WINDOWS
HEAP_CLIENT_TOKEN = 1717415662
NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS = 4
AMPLITUDE_API_KEY_STAGING = 83ee04fccc67e4fcc7dd527c4c6f1e21
WOOTRIC_CLIENT_TOKEN = NPS-aa8be4c3
JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS = -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
DEBUG_ENV_VAR = UnityHub
ProgramW6432 = C:\Program Files
HOMEDRIVE = C:
TEMP = C:\Users\YOUNG~1.DES\AppData\Local\Temp
Path = C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\WINDOWS\System32\OpenSSH\;C:\Program Files\dotnet\;C:\Users\young.DESKTOP-C46GMR1\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;
USERNAME = young
COMPUTERNAME = DESKTOP-C46GMR1
USERDOMAIN_ROAMINGPROFILE = DESKTOP-C46GMR1
PATHEXT = .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC
SystemDrive = C:
ALLUSERSPROFILE = C:\ProgramData
SENTRY_ACCESS_TOKEN = 3df78d9e53f8456aa90fbae044ce1a6261421ab1d0014674bc2e933477289017
HEAP_CLIENT_TOKEN_STAGING = 3786794399
__COMPAT_LAYER = DetectorsAppHealth
windir = C:\WINDOWS
ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN = 1
CommonProgramFiles(x86) = C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files
APPDATA = C:\Users\young.DESKTOP-C46GMR1\AppData\Roaming
PROCESSOR_LEVEL = 6
CommonProgramW6432 = C:\Program Files\Common Files
ProgramFiles(x86) = C:\Program Files (x86)
NVIDIAWHITELISTED = 0x01
SESSIONNAME = Console
LOGONSERVER = \\DESKTOP-C46GMR1
LOCALAPPDATA = C:\Users\young.DESKTOP-C46GMR1\AppData\Local
HOMEPATH = \Users\young.DESKTOP-C46GMR1
LAUNCH_DARKLY_CLIENT_TOKEN_STAGING = 60a7e30fafc7e60e33446282
SHIM_MCCOMPAT = 0x810000001
OneDrive = C:\Users\young.DESKTOP-C46GMR1\OneDrive
ProgramData = C:\ProgramData
ORIGINAL_XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP = undefined

stderr[
Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
C:\Users\young.DESKTOP-C46GMR1\Merge\Library\Bee\Android\Prj\Mono2x\Gradle\unityLibrary\src\main\java\com\unity\androidnotifications\UnityNotificationManager.java:164: error: cannot find symbol
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
^
symbol: variable TIRAMISU
location: class VERSION_CODES
C:\Users\young.DESKTOP-C46GMR1\Merge\Library\Bee\Android\Prj\Mono2x\Gradle\unityLibrary\src\main\java\com\unity\androidnotifications\UnityNotificationManager.java:165: error: cannot find symbol
permissionGranted = mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
^
symbol: variable POST_NOTIFICATIONS
location: class permission
Note: C:\Users\young.DESKTOP-C46GMR1\Merge\Library\Bee\Android\Prj\Mono2x\Gradle\unityLibrary\src\main\java\com\unity3d\player\UnityPlayerActivity.java uses or overrides a deprecated API.
Note: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.
Note: Some input files use unchecked or unsafe operations.
Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details.
2 errors

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':unityLibrary:compileReleaseJavaWithJavac'.
> Compilation failed; see the compiler error output for details.

* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 32s
]
stdout[
Starting a Gradle Daemon, 1 incompatible and 2 stopped Daemons could not be reused, use --status for details
> Task :unityLibrary:preBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:preBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:preReleaseBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:preReleaseBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:compileReleaseAidl NO-SOURCE
> Task :launcher:generateReleaseBuildConfig UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:mergeReleaseJniLibFolders UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:compileReleaseAidl NO-SOURCE
> Task :launcher:javaPreCompileRelease UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:generateReleaseResValues UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:createReleaseCompatibleScreenManifests UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:extractDeepLinksRelease UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:extractProguardFiles UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:mergeReleaseJniLibFolders UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:mergeReleaseNativeLibs UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:stripReleaseDebugSymbols UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:copyReleaseJniLibsProjectAndLocalJars UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:compileReleaseRenderscript NO-SOURCE
> Task :unityLibrary:generateReleaseBuildConfig UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:generateReleaseResValues UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:generateReleaseResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:packageReleaseResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:checkReleaseDuplicateClasses UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:desugarReleaseFileDependencies UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:parseReleaseLocalResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:mergeExtDexRelease UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:processReleaseManifest UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:mergeReleaseShaders UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:compileReleaseShaders NO-SOURCE
> Task :launcher:generateReleaseAssets UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:processReleaseJavaRes NO-SOURCE
> Task :launcher:collectReleaseDependencies UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:sdkReleaseDependencyData UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:validateSigningRelease UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:writeReleaseAppMetadata UP-TO-DATE
> Task :launcher:writeReleaseSigningConfigVersions UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:generateReleaseRFile UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:extractReleaseAnnotations UP-TO-DATE
> Task :unityLibrary:javaPreCompileRelease UP-TO-DATE

> Task :unityLibrary:compileReleaseJavaWithJavac

> Task :unityLibrary:compileReleaseJavaWithJavac FAILED
29 actionable tasks: 1 executed, 28 up-to-date
]
exit code: 1
UnityEditor.Android.Command.WaitForProgramToRun (UnityEditor.Utils.Program p, UnityEditor.Android.Command+WaitingForProcessToExit waitingForProcessToExit, System.String errorMsg) (at <3692a30af1114a098ee2388137c8a827>:0)
UnityEditor.Android.Command.Run (System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo psi, UnityEditor.Android.Command+WaitingForProcessToExit waitingForProcessToExit, System.String errorMsg) (at <3692a30af1114a098ee2388137c8a827>:0)
UnityEditor.Android.Command.Run (System.String command, System.String args, System.String workingdir, UnityEditor.Android.Command+WaitingForProcessToExit waitingForProcessToExit, System.String errorMsg) (at <3692a30af1114a098ee2388137c8a827>:0)
UnityEditor.Android.AndroidJavaTools.RunJava (System.String args, System.String workingdir, System.Action`1[T] progress, System.String error) (at <3692a30af1114a098ee2388137c8a827>:0)
UnityEditor.Android.GradleWrapper.Run (UnityEditor.Android.AndroidJavaTools javaTools, Unity.Android.Gradle.AndroidGradle androidGradle, System.String workingdir, System.String task, System.Action`1[T] progress) (at <3692a30af1114a098ee2388137c8a827>:0)
Rethrow as GradleInvokationException: Gradle build failed
UnityEditor.Android.GradleWrapper.Run (UnityEditor.Android.AndroidJavaTools javaTools, Unity.Android.Gradle.AndroidGradle androidGradle, System.String workingdir, System.String task, System.Action`1[T] progress) (at <3692a30af1114a098ee2388137c8a827>:0)
UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.Tasks.BuildGradleProject.Execute (UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.PostProcessorContext context) (at <3692a30af1114a098ee2388137c8a827>:0)
UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.PostProcessRunner.RunAllTasks (UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.PostProcessorContext context) (at <3692a30af1114a098ee2388137c8a827>:0)
UnityEngine.GUIUtility:ProcessEvent(Int32, IntPtr, Boolean&)

[Kurt-Dekker]

How to troubleshoot build failures:

First, make a blank project with a single blank scene and prove that it builds successfully.

If the blank project does NOT build, go fix your Unity installation or your other tools, such as Android SDK, NDK, JDK, etc. It may even be necessary to change to a different version of Unity3D. It is generally best to stay with LTS versions of Unity3D.

Until you can build a blank project to the target platform, don’t fiddle with anything else.

Once you can build a blank project, now bisect the problem by bringing over parts of your current project and building it one subsystem at a time, perhaps stubbing things out that might trigger compiler errors.

Most often things that prevent building are third-party libraries such as Firebase.

Once you identify the subsystem, go to the documentation for it and make sure you are doing it correctly.

It may also be helpful to work through a tutorial or two for whatever subsystem is making the build fail.

Android build not building:

Recently (circa July 2022) there have been reports of Unity’s installer failing to install the Android Tools.

Can't build for Android

Latest Hub 3.2.0 in combination with Unity 2021.3.6 can't build for Android because there is a missing Tools folder inside *Editor\Data\PlaybackEngines\AndroidPlayer* so Unity can't find gradle. That folder is simply not created during the installation. The workaround is to copy the whole Tools folder from the previous Unity version or if you don't have the previous version then do what [mention|1j+oWeNEPCI6ejbN15sncw==] says in the post below .

Here was how I brought up Unity2020.3.41 and the Android SDK 31 on October 30, 2022 (edited on August 23, 2023 to include Android SDK 33…):

.AAB Build Targeting API Level 33 on Unity 2021.3.8 with JDK 1.8.

Hey, coincidentally I just upgraded to Android SDK31 today… why not wait until nearly the last minute? It was a wild ride, took most of the day. Let me tell you what I did, what I found. First of all, I’m using Unity2020.3.41 (hereinafter referred to Unity*) because that’s all the further I need to go forward right now. I found that Unity* only accepts up to SDK30.0.3 tools, but will build using those tools and SDK31. Next I found that Android Studio will not install anything except Android …

Android Gradle errors and other related stuff:

Unity Gradle bug... please help

Fix: