RenderTexture class is only available in Unity Pro. That is a direct quote from the documentation.. As far as I know, this is the only way to render to a texture in Unity.
Then I don’t understand what you want to do. You say you want to avoid the RenderTexture asset, but from what I understand that is not possible.
While I don’t have the Pro license (and therefore cannot test this), the use of the RenderTexture class seems straight forward to me. There’s no need to use the editor to do this. If there are no caveats that I’m missing, then all you have to do is create a RenderTexture object, set the Camera’s targetTexture field to it, and then set the active material of your plane to that RenderTexture (and of course that depends upon what data the shader expects and what effects you’re trying to accomplish, et al.). Very basically, it can be done in two lines of code…
Camera.mainCamera.targetTexture = new RenderTexture(width, height, depth, format);
myGameObject.renderer.material.mainTexture = Camera.mainCamera.targetTexture;