Object Detection model poor performance

Can someone please help me? When I use my yolov8n model, the performance is very poor. It has two classes: upstair and downstair. Am I doing something wrong here?

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using Unity.Sentis;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using UnityEngine.Video;
using Lays = Unity.Sentis.Layers;

/*
 *  YOLOv8n Inference Script
 *  ========================
 * 
 * Place this script on the Main Camera.
 * 
 * Place the yolov8n.sentis file and a *.mp4 video file in the Assets/StreamingAssets folder
 * Create a RawImage in your scene and set it as the displayImage field
 * Drag the classes.txt into the labelsAsset field
 * Add a reference to a sprite image for the bounding box and a font for the text
 * 
 */


public class RunYOLO8n : MonoBehaviour
{
    // const string modelName = "stairDetectionYOLO.sentis";
    const string modelName = "StairDetectionLargeDatasetv1.sentis";
    // Change this to the name of the video you put in StreamingAssets folder:
    const string videoName = "walkingaroundstairs.mp4";
    // Link the classes.txt here:
    public TextAsset labelsAsset;
    // Create a Raw Image in the scene and link it here:
    public RawImage displayImage;
    // Link to a bounding box texture here:
    public Sprite boxTexture;
    // Link to the font for the labels:
    public Font font;

    const BackendType backend = BackendType.GPUCompute;

    private Transform displayLocation;
    private Model model;
    private IWorker engine;
    private string[] labels;
    private RenderTexture targetRT;


    //Image size for the model
    private const int imageWidth = 640;
    private const int imageHeight = 640;

    //The number of classes in the model
    private const int numClasses = 2;

    private VideoPlayer video;

    List<GameObject> boxPool = new List<GameObject>();

    [SerializeField, Range(0, 1)] float iouThreshold = 0.5f;
    [SerializeField, Range(0, 1)] float scoreThreshold = 0.5f;
    int maxOutputBoxes = 64;

    //For using tensor operators:
    Ops ops;

    //bounding box data
    public struct BoundingBox
    {
        public float centerX;
        public float centerY;
        public float width;
        public float height;
        public string label;
    }


    void Start()
    {
        Application.targetFrameRate = 60;
        Screen.orientation = ScreenOrientation.LandscapeLeft;

        ops = WorkerFactory.CreateOps(backend, null);

        //Parse neural net labels
        labels = labelsAsset.text.Split('\n');

        LoadModel();

        targetRT = new RenderTexture(imageWidth, imageHeight, 0);

        //Create image to display video
        displayLocation = displayImage.transform;

        //Create engine to run model
        engine = WorkerFactory.CreateWorker(backend, model);

        SetupInput();
    }

    public static Model LoadModelFromStreamingAssets(string relativePath)
    {
        string path = Path.Combine(Application.streamingAssetsPath, relativePath);
        using FileStream fileStream = File.OpenRead(path);
        using MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
        fileStream.CopyTo(memoryStream);
        memoryStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
        return ModelLoader.Load(memoryStream);
    }

    public static Model LoadModelFromPath(string path)
    {
        using var stream = File.OpenRead(path);
        return ModelLoader.Load(stream);
    }

    void LoadModel()
    {
        //Load model
        // model = ModelLoader.Load(Application.streamingAssetsPath + "/" + modelName);
        // LoadModelFromStreamingAssets(modelName);
        model = LoadModelFromPath(Application.streamingAssetsPath + "/" + modelName);

        //The classes are also stored here in JSON format:
        Debug.Log($"Class names: \n{model.Metadata["names"]}");

        //We need to add some layers to choose the best boxes with the NMSLayer

        //Set constants
        model.AddConstant(new Lays.Constant("0", new int[] { 0 }));
        model.AddConstant(new Lays.Constant("1", new int[] { 1 }));
        model.AddConstant(new Lays.Constant("4", new int[] { 4 }));


        model.AddConstant(new Lays.Constant("classes_plus_4", new int[] { numClasses + 4 }));
        model.AddConstant(new Lays.Constant("maxOutputBoxes", new int[] { maxOutputBoxes }));
        model.AddConstant(new Lays.Constant("iouThreshold", new float[] { iouThreshold }));
        model.AddConstant(new Lays.Constant("scoreThreshold", new float[] { scoreThreshold }));

        //Add layers
        model.AddLayer(new Lays.Slice("boxCoords0", "output0", "0", "4", "1"));
        model.AddLayer(new Lays.Transpose("boxCoords", "boxCoords0", new int[] { 0, 2, 1 }));
        model.AddLayer(new Lays.Slice("scores0", "output0", "4", "classes_plus_4", "1"));
        model.AddLayer(new Lays.ReduceMax("scores", new[] { "scores0", "1" }));
        model.AddLayer(new Lays.ArgMax("classIDs", "scores0", 1));

        model.AddLayer(new Lays.NonMaxSuppression("NMS", "boxCoords", "scores",
            "maxOutputBoxes", "iouThreshold", "scoreThreshold",
            centerPointBox: Lays.CenterPointBox.Center
        ));

        model.outputs.Clear();
        model.AddOutput("boxCoords");
        model.AddOutput("classIDs");
        model.AddOutput("NMS");
    }

    void SetupInput()
    {
        video = gameObject.AddComponent<VideoPlayer>();
        video.renderMode = VideoRenderMode.APIOnly;
        video.source = VideoSource.Url;
        video.url = Application.streamingAssetsPath + "/" + videoName;
        video.isLooping = true;
        video.Play();
    }

    private void Update()
    {
        ExecuteML();

        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Escape))
        {
            Application.Quit();
        }
    }

    public void ExecuteML()
    {
        ClearAnnotations();

        if (video && video.texture)
        {
            float aspect = video.width * 1f / video.height;
            Graphics.Blit(video.texture, targetRT, new Vector2(1f / aspect, 1), new Vector2(0, 0));
            displayImage.texture = targetRT;
        }
        else return;

        using var input = TextureConverter.ToTensor(targetRT, imageWidth, imageHeight, 3);
        engine.Execute(input);

        var boxCoords = engine.PeekOutput("boxCoords") as TensorFloat;
        var NMS = engine.PeekOutput("NMS") as TensorInt;
        var classIDs = engine.PeekOutput("classIDs") as TensorInt;

        using var boxIDs = ops.Slice(NMS, new int[] { 2 }, new int[] { 3 }, new int[] { 1 }, new int[] { 1 });
        using var boxIDsFlat = boxIDs.ShallowReshape(new TensorShape(boxIDs.shape.length)) as TensorInt;
        using var output = ops.Gather(boxCoords, boxIDsFlat, 1);
        using var labelIDs = ops.Gather(classIDs, boxIDsFlat, 2);

        output.MakeReadable();
        labelIDs.MakeReadable();

        float displayWidth = displayImage.rectTransform.rect.width;
        float displayHeight = displayImage.rectTransform.rect.height;

        float scaleX = displayWidth / imageWidth;
        float scaleY = displayHeight / imageHeight;

        //Draw the bounding boxes
        for (int n = 0; n < output.shape[1]; n++)
        {
            var box = new BoundingBox
            {
                centerX = output[0, n, 0] * scaleX - displayWidth / 2,
                centerY = output[0, n, 1] * scaleY - displayHeight / 2,
                width = output[0, n, 2] * scaleX,
                height = output[0, n, 3] * scaleY,
                label = labels[labelIDs[0, 0, n]],
            };
            DrawBox(box, n);
        }
    }

    public void DrawBox(BoundingBox box, int id)
    {
        //Create the bounding box graphic or get from pool
        GameObject panel;
        if (id < boxPool.Count)
        {
            panel = boxPool[id];
            panel.SetActive(true);
        }
        else
        {
            panel = CreateNewBox(Color.yellow);
        }
        //Set box position
        panel.transform.localPosition = new Vector3(box.centerX, -box.centerY);

        //Set box size
        RectTransform rt = panel.GetComponent<RectTransform>();
        rt.sizeDelta = new Vector2(box.width, box.height);

        //Set label text
        var label = panel.GetComponentInChildren<Text>();
        label.text = box.label;
    }

    public GameObject CreateNewBox(Color color)
    {
        //Create the box and set image

        var panel = new GameObject("ObjectBox");
        panel.AddComponent<CanvasRenderer>();
        Image img = panel.AddComponent<Image>();
        img.color = color;
        img.sprite = boxTexture;
        img.type = Image.Type.Sliced;
        panel.transform.SetParent(displayLocation, false);

        //Create the label

        var text = new GameObject("ObjectLabel");
        text.AddComponent<CanvasRenderer>();
        text.transform.SetParent(panel.transform, false);
        Text txt = text.AddComponent<Text>();
        txt.font = font;
        txt.color = color;
        txt.fontSize = 40;
        txt.horizontalOverflow = HorizontalWrapMode.Overflow;

        RectTransform rt2 = text.GetComponent<RectTransform>();
        rt2.offsetMin = new Vector2(20, rt2.offsetMin.y);
        rt2.offsetMax = new Vector2(0, rt2.offsetMax.y);
        rt2.offsetMin = new Vector2(rt2.offsetMin.x, 0);
        rt2.offsetMax = new Vector2(rt2.offsetMax.x, 30);
        rt2.anchorMin = new Vector2(0, 0);
        rt2.anchorMax = new Vector2(1, 1);

        boxPool.Add(panel);
        return panel;
    }

    public void ClearAnnotations()
    {
        foreach (var box in boxPool)
        {
            box.SetActive(false);
        }
    }

    private void OnDestroy()
    {
        engine?.Dispose();
        ops?.Dispose();
    }
}

I went through the examples for this code.

Can you provide more details?

  • Hardware specs?
  • Poor performance in terms of accuracy or speed?
  • Unity version?
1 Like

Hey @PaulBUnity thank you for your reply. I realized that the issue is actually with the model itself. The accuracy of the model is relatively low, causing the issue.

1 Like

Could you screenshot the model with the unity profiler? so we can see which layer is taking too long?

@alexandreribard_unity @PaulBUnity I ran some of this sample code with the yolov8n from HuggingFace this week - unity/sentis-YOLOv8n · Hugging Face and noticed some poor performance in terms of speed.

Unity version: 2022.3.9
Sentis version: 1.3.0-pre.3
processor: 12th Gen Intel(R) Core™ i9-12900H
gpu: GeForce RTX 3080 laptop gpu

The slowest layer is NonMaxSuppression, it seems to stem from the profiler sample Sentis.ComputeSensorData.DownloadDataFromGPU in ComputeSensorData.Download(). In the source it sits on an AsyncGPUReadbackRequest.WaitForCompletion() - could this not also have an async implementation that uses a callback/TaskCompletionSource? It’d be very helpful - I tried running a lot of this on a BG thread but there are too many other calls that require the main thread.

Here is a profiler screenshot - it’s in debug mode

Yup it’s NMS as I thought.
We’ll have a perf improvement for that in a upcoming release

1 Like

Is it actually the NMS layer itself that’s causing it?

It looks like the slow speed is coming from a blocking call on AsyncGPUReadbackRequest.WaitForCompletion() on the main thread.

I looked at the code and the ArrayTensorData.Pin()->Tensor.UploadToDevice()->ITensorData.Download() function seems to be what is causing the block, not necessarily the nested for loops in NonMaxSuppression.cs.

This is in ComputeTensorData.cs:

Yes. But this AsyncGPUReadbackRequest.WaitForCompletion is called by NMS that needs to download data to do the work on the cpu.
Once the layer optimized you won’t have such a big download peak

This is internally known as Task 211.

I prefer to run yolov8n on the target device using the CPU. Will the optimized NMS perform better in the CPU backend, or is this optimization just for the GPU backend?

Yes it’s for both backend

Are there any updates here, or suggested workarounds?