ParticleSystem following top level gameObject rather than lower-level parent?

I asked this on Answers, but no one responded. I thought I would try here.

I switched to the new particle system and came up with a problem. A weapon is placed in the hand of the 3rd person character, it is parented, after I instantiate, it to the right hand bone. When the character is turned completely (top level transform is synced to the camera lookAt every few degrees of lateral movement of gun and upper body), the Particle system for the muzzle flash rotates. When I move the upper body to allow aiming and up or down movement of the gun, the particle system doesn’t follow the rest of the upper body bones.

As long as I rotate the top level transform, the muzzle flash rotates just fine.

This was all functional code when I was using the old particle system.

Is there a problem with having it parented in this manner (to a gameObject parented to a bone), or should this work and the Particle system follow the lower level object’s rotation?

I will try to re-ask this from a different perspective and provide a visual of my specific problem.

If you use a shuriken particle system on a lower level gameObject, does it follow the rotation of it’s immediate or higher level parent, or does it follow the rotations of the root gameObject?

It would be useful to know if my example of it following the top level gameObject is normal and thus something I have to program around. If some people have it rotating with a child (though parent to the Particle systems gameObject), then I have a bug and can proceed on that assumption.

Here is an visual of placement and of what happens with the Particle System I’m talking about:

GameObject (my Player gameObject, when this rotates, my Particle System below rotates)
     GameObject (other meshes and stuff)
     Armature
          root
               ...
               Spine
                    ...
                    Right Hand
                          Finger1...
                          Weapon (not a bone but a child of Right Hand bone) has Particle System component for muzzle flash)

I expected the Particle System to rotate (along with Weapon) when Spine rotates, Weapon does, Particle System doesn’t. When Player GameObject rotates, the Particle System does.