I am doing a game as part of my study at university and have to use python libraries which were developed for scientific measurements.
To avoid re-writing the libraries, I like to develop the back end inpython but dont know if such a back end can be connected to the networking libraries. Has anybody used python for back end scripting or know how to interface with networking layer?
tomcat
As many large scale server backends for MMOs for example are in python (EVE as massivest example), its pretty much possible 
How you do it is likely your thing, but all you need actually is a UDP socket and the related functioanlity (or even just TCP if its not for realtime low latency)
Ok,
Not sure if I understand this. You mean a udp socket at the client in unity and a udp server running in python at the server?