Unity losing components and scripts on objects after reimport edited 3d model file

100% of the linkages between 3D models and prefabs and anything else in your game is by name.

If you change that name in the 3D software, the linkage will break. If you change the hierarchy you have by definition changed at least one of the item names, so you should expect to rebuild or repair the affected prefabs / scenes that use this asset.

Here’s so more random handy knowledge about Blender3D into Unity3D:

Unity imports Blender3D objects as FBX via a little Python script:

The Python script that Unity uses (substitute your Unity version number or search) to import:

./Hub/Editor/2020.2.1f1/Unity.app/Contents/Tools/Unity-BlenderToFBX.py

More on fixing it:

Blender3D objects used as trees / detail in Unity3D terrain (See the second half of this response)