the array you get from chunk.GetNativeArray points to inside the chunk, so you simply have to get a value, modify it and reassign it at the same index
[BurstCompile]
public struct UpdateTranslationFromVelocityJob : IJobChunk
{
public ComponentTypeHandle<MaterialMeshInfo> MMTypeHandle;
[BurstCompile]
public void Execute(in ArchetypeChunk chunk, int unfilteredChunkIndex, bool useEnabledMask, in v128 chunkEnabledMask)
{
NativeArray<MaterialMeshInfo> mmInfo = chunk.GetNativeArray(ref MMTypeHandle);
var enumerator = new ChunkEntityEnumerator(useEnabledMask, chunkEnabledMask, chunk.Count);
while (enumerator.NextEntityIndex(out var i))
{
var info = mmInfo[i];
info.Material++;
mmInfo[i] = info;
}
}
}