What is the most performance efficient way of changing the color of individual pixels entirely through code?

I want to make an entirely pixel-filled 2d game where each pixel color is selected through code with no 3d objects. What would be the most performance efficient way to approach this if I want to change the color of a large number of pixels every frame?

Think along the lines of Conway’s Game of Life - that simple.

You should use shaders for this: Unity - Manual: Custom shader fundamentals