I know it's noobish question, sorry. :P
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A Collider is the "physical form" of objects. There are several types of colliders, such as box shaped, sphere shaped, capsule shaped or even custom (mesh) shaped (and then some!).
A Colliders' responsibility is to aid collision detection in any way. It can be used for triggers, for physics or other uses.
A Rigidbody is a representation of a rigid body in space. It is used by the physics engine to perform collision response and movement of objects.
A Rigidbody makes use of a Collider to define it's shape.
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