Not sure if you meant this with screen scaling: You can change the scale inside Unity under Edit > Preferences... > UI Scaling. There, you can either use Windows’ own scaling settings or use your own custom scaling.
It is also possible to customize the Editor as you wish and how it works is described here:
Huge caveat: It’s not a officially supported feature and quite hard to do, thus you’ll be (more or less) on your own. Unity Staff simply won’t help you.
I haven’t tried 2020 yet, so I have no idea if the following is still accurate, but… don’t use the UI Toolkit Debugger for this. Try the IMGUI Debugger instead. It gives you the actual names of certain elements. For instance, the assets name text label is internally called “ProjectBrowserGridLabel”.
With that in mind, you could write this CSS part into your common.uss file:
Most of the text in the Editor is internally called ControlLabel, so replacing ProjectBrowserGridLabel with that will make some text in the Inspector and other Editor windows bigger.