Ok, for others, in URP the camera has a Dithering option which can reduce the effect of this banding in low light conditions. It doesn’t fix it but it certainly helps.
Try your scene without post processing effects and see what it looks like. It could be that you have very low light levels and the post processing is stretching a very limited color space to unreasonable extremes.
While dithering is good for reducing colour banding on low power systems, you could also try increasing the colour precision. Shaders will take longer to render though.
Select your URP asset. Under Quality, make sure HDR is enabled and set HDR Precision to 64 bits.
Then go to Post-processing and set Grading Mode to High Dynamic Range. You may also need to increase LUT size to 32 or 64. Try disabling Fast sRGB/Linear conversions if you see that making a difference.