Android Build in Unity6 produces magenta textures in debug, and no textures in release

I have an issue where the built in URP/SimpleLit shader is failing to load on android builds.

So far I have:

Re-converted any built-in pipeline shaders to URP
Unselected Auto Graphics API and selected Vulkan and OpenGLES3 independently each.
Added my shaders to the “Always Included Shaders” in my project’s graphics setting.
Re-imported all assets.

Nothing helped, and all throughout, I see the same errors in logcat once running on a device:

2025/03/19 15:13:06.977 27133 27193 Error Unity Shader Universal Render Pipeline/Lit, subshader 0, pass 0, stage all: variant DOTS_INSTANCING_ON EVALUATE_SH_VERTEX LIGHTMAP_SHADOW_MIXING SHADOWS_SHADOWMASK _ADDITIONAL_LIGHTS_VERTEX _NORMALMAP _OCCLUSIONMAP _PARALLAXMAP _SPECULAR_SETUP not found.
2025/03/19 15:13:06.977 27133 27193 Error Unity UnityEngine.Rendering.Universal.UniversalRenderPipeline:RenderSingleCamera(ScriptableRenderContext, UniversalCameraData)
2025/03/19 15:13:06.977 27133 27193 Error Unity UnityEngine.Rendering.Universal.UniversalRenderPipeline:RenderCameraStack(ScriptableRenderContext, Camera)
2025/03/19 15:13:06.977 27133 27193 Error Unity UnityEngine.Rendering.Universal.UniversalRenderPipeline:Render(ScriptableRenderContext, List`1)
2025/03/19 15:13:06.977 27133 27193 Error Unity UnityEngine.Rendering.RenderPipelineManager:DoRenderLoop_Internal(RenderPipelineAsset, IntPtr, Object)
2025/03/19 15:13:06.977 27133 27193 Error Unity 
2025/03/19 15:13:06.977 27133 27193 Error Unity [./Runtime/Shaders/ShaderImpl/ShaderProgram.cpp line -417480664]
2025/03/19 15:13:06.977 27133 27193 Error Unity 

And that error repeats for all the frames I allow it to run. I’ve tried Frame Debugger, but couldn’t see any useful information about failures, just meshes without textures.

Here’s a Frame Debugger reference. You can see that SOME of the shaders loaded, but that sun looking bloom in the background is supposed to be Saturn, and all those magenta failed shaders are built-in URP SimpleLit Shaders.

In the other screenshot, you can see how it’s supposed to look.